Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic auto immune disorder that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, swelling, and eventual joint damage. Unlike osteoarthritis, which is caused by wear and tear, RA occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium (the lining of the joints), leading to inflammation and, over time, joint destruction. Rheumatoid Arthritis can also affect other parts of the body, such as the heart, lungs, and eyes.

Risk Factors:

• Age: Between 30 and 60.
• Gender: Mostly women
• Family history of Rheumatoid Arthritis or other autoimmune diseases
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as infections or pollutants

Symptoms:

• Joint Pain and Swelling
• Morning Stiffness - Lasts for more than 30 minutes and is a hallmark symptom of RA.
• Fatigue
  •  Rheumatoid Nodules(Hard lumps that form under the skin, usually over bony areas like the elbows)
•  Joint Deformity in the fingers.
  •  Systemic Symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and malaise due to systemic inflammation.

Prevention and Early Detection:

• There is no guaranteed way to prevent RA, but avoiding triggers like smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing stress may help reduce the risk.
• Early Detection: Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preventing joint damage.

Diagnosis and Staging:

Blood Tests:

• Rheumatoid Factor (RF): Elevated levels of RF are found in approximately 70-80% of people with RA.
• Anti-CCP Antibodies: The presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies is highly specific for RA and maybe detected even in the early stages.
• Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP): These inflammatory markers can help assess disease activity.

Why Regular Screening Matters?

Regular screening for rheumatoid arthritis is crucial for early detection and effective management. Since RA is a progressive disease, catching it early can help prevent significant joint damage and improve long-term outcomes. Blood tests, such as Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibodies, along with imaging techniques like X-rays and ultrasound, are vital tools in monitoring disease activity and guiding treatment. Routine check-ups allow healthcare providers to adjust treatments, manage flare-ups, and enhance quality of life by preventing irreversible joint damage.