Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries, the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones. It is often called a "silent" cancer because its symptoms can be vague and easily overlooked, leading to late-stage diagnosis. Ovarian cancer can spread quickly to other parts of the abdomen and pelvis, making early detection challenging but crucial for effective treatment.

 Risk Factors:

• Age: Risk increases with age, especially after menopause
• Family History: Family history of ovarian or breast cancer
• Genetic Mutations: Inherited mutations (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2)
• Hormone Replacement Therapy: Long-term use of oestrogen replacement
• Infertility or Lack of Pregnancy: Women who have never been pregnant or have infertility issues

 Symptoms:

• Abdominal Bloating or Swelling
• Pelvic Pain
• Frequent Urination
• Loss of Appetite or Feeling Full Quickly
• Unexplained Weight Loss
• Fatigue
• Digestive Issues: Constipation, nausea, or indigestion

 Prevention and Early Detection:

• Healthy Diet and Exercise: Maintain a balanced diet and regular exercise to reduce risk.
• Genetic Counselling: For women with a family history or genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA), counselling and testing can help assess risk.
• Regular Checkups: Pelvic exams and transvaginal ultrasound can aid in early detection

Diagnosis and Staging:

• Pelvic Exam: To detect abnormal growths or tenderness in the ovaries.
• Imaging: Ultrasound or CT scans to check for tumors or abnormalities in the ovaries.
• Blood Tests: CA-125 blood test can help detect elevated markers of ovarian cancer, though it is not definitive.
• Biopsy: To confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Why Regular Screening Matters?

Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at later stages when treatment is more complex. Regular checkups and awareness of symptoms can lead to earlier detection, improving treatment outcomes and survival rates. For high-risk individuals, genetic testing and counselling can help guide preventive measures.