Liver Diseases

Liver diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the liver’s ability to perform essential functions like detoxification and protein production These can include liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, fatty liver disease, and liver cancer, often resulting from factors like infections, alcohol use, and metabolic conditions. These diseases often develop silently and can lead to liver failure if not detected early. Regular screenings and blood tests are essential for early diagnosis and effective treatment.

Risk Factors:

• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Chronic viral infections (e.g., hepatitis B or C)
• Obesity and fatty liver disease
• Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome
• Family history of liver disease
• Autoimmune diseases (e.g., autoimmune hepatitis)
• Certain medications and toxins
• Age (older adults are at higher risk)

Symptoms:

·       Jaundice(yellowing of the skin and eyes)

·       Fatigue or weakness

·       Abdominal pain or swelling

·       Dark urine and pale stools

·       Unexplained weight loss

·       Nausea or vomiting

·       Swelling in the legs or ankles

·       Itchy skin

·       Loss of appetite

Prevention and Early Detection:

• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption
• Maintain a healthy weight through regular exercise and balanced diet
• Get vaccinated against hepatitis B
• Early treatment of conditions like diabetes and high cholesterol to reduce liver strain
•  Avoid exposure to toxins and harmful substances
• Regular screenings for liver function in at-risk individuals

Diagnosis and Staging:

·      Serum Globulin: Measures the level of globulin proteins in the blood, which helps evaluate liver function and immune response

·      Bilirubin Direct: Measures the direct (conjugated) form of bilirubin, elevated levels indicate liver or bile duct problems

·      Bilirubin Total: Measures both direct and indirect bilirubin; high levels suggest liver disease or bile duct obstruction

·      GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase): Elevated levels can indicate liver disease, alcohol use, or bile duct issues

·      SGPT (Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase, also known as ALT): Elevated levels indicate liver cell damage, commonly seen in hepatitis or fatty liver disease

·      Alkaline Phosphatase: High levels can signal liver disease, bile duct obstruction, or bone disorders

·      Serum Alb/Glob Ratio: Helps assess liver function; a low ratio may indicate liver disease or malnutrition

·      Protein Total: Measures the total amount of protein in the blood, with low levels indicating liver dysfunction or malnutrition

·      SGOT/SGPT Ratio (AST/ALT Ratio): Elevated ratios can help differentiate between types of liver damage, with a higher ratio often indicating alcoholic liver disease

·      Serum Albumin: Measures the albumin protein, with low levels suggesting liver disease or kidney problems

·      Bilirubin Indirect: Measures unconjugated bilirubin; high levels may indicate hemolysis or liver dysfunction

·      Aspartate Aminotransferase (SGOT): Elevated levels indicate liver damage, but it can also be elevated in heart or muscle conditions

Why Regular Screening Matters?

Early detection of liver disease through regular screening scan help prevent further damage, complications like cirrhosis or liver failure, and improve treatment outcomes. Identifying liver issues early ensures timely intervention and better management of liver health.