Iron Deficiency

Iron is an essential mineral required for the production of haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that helps transport oxygen throughout the body. When the body lacks sufficient iron, it can lead to a condition called iron deficiency, which impairs oxygen delivery to tissues and organs.

Risk Factors:

• Poor diet (low iron intake)
• Increased iron needs (e.g., pregnancy, breastfeeding, or rapid growth during childhood)
• Blood loss (e.g., heavy menstrual periods, gastrointestinal bleeding)
• Certain medical conditions (e.g., celiac disease, chronic kidney disease)
• Vegetarian or vegan diets (iron from plant sources is less easily absorbed)
• Age (young children and older adults are at higher risk)

Symptoms:

• Fatigue or weakness
• Pale skin
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness or light headedness
• Cold hands and feet
• Brittle nails
• Headaches
• Restless legs syndrome
• Rapid heartbeat

Prevention and Early Detection:

• Include iron-rich foods in your diet (e.g., red meat, poultry, fish, legumes, fortified cereals, spinach)
• Vitamin C can help increase iron absorption when consumed with iron-rich foods
• Take iron supplements if prescribed by a healthcare provider
• Regular blood tests (such as a complete blood count or serum ferritin test) to monitor iron levels, especially for at-risk groups

Diagnosis and Staging:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): To identify low haemoglobin or haematocrit, suggesting a possible iron deficiency
• Serum Ferritin Test: Measures the level of ferritin, a protein that stores iron in the body
• Serum Iron and Transferrin Saturation: Additional tests that can help confirm iron deficiency if needed.

Why Regular Screening Matters?

Early detection through regular screening can help prevent complications such as anaemia, fatigue, and impaired immune function. Identifying and addressing iron deficiency early ensures appropriate treatment and maintains optimal health.