Infertility

Infertility is the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. Hormonal imbalances are a common cause of infertility, with deficiencies in hormones such as Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Prolactin playing a key role in reproductive function. These hormones regulate the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and overall fertility in women, and any disruption can impact the ability to conceive.

Risk Factors:

• Age (fertility declines with age, especially after 35)
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Thyroid disorders
• Obesity or extreme weight loss
• Stress
• Excessive exercise
• Unhealthy diet or poor nutrition
• Smoking or alcohol consumption
• Previous pelvic infections or surgeries
• Family history of fertility problems

 Symptoms:

• Irregular or absent periods
• Difficulty conceiving despite trying for over a year
• Excessive body hair or acne (in women with hormonal imbalances)
• Painful or irregular ovulation
• Decreased sex drive

• Hot flashes or night sweats (especially in cases of low FSH or LH)
• Galactorrhea (unexplained milk production)

 Prevention and Early Detection:

• Maintain a healthy weight
• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption and smoking
• Manage stress and exercise regularly, but avoid excessive physical strain
• Seek medical advice if menstrual cycles are irregular or conception is taking longer than expected
• Hormonal testing, including FSH, LH, and prolactin levels, to identify imbalances

Diagnosis and Staging:

• FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone): Elevated levels of FSH may indicate ovarian insufficiency or menopause, while low levels can indicate problems with ovulation or pituitary dysfunction.
• LH (Luteinizing Hormone): High LH levels, especially relative to FSH, are often seen in women with PCOS.
• Prolactin: Prolactin is responsible for milk production, and high levels can suppress reproductive hormones.
• Estradiol Test: Measures estradiol levels to assess ovarian function, menstrual health, and menopausal status
• Progesterone Test: Measures progesterone levels to confirm ovulation, evaluate luteal phase, or assess early pregnancy

Why Regular Screening Matters?

Hormonal imbalances are a significant factor in infertility, and deficiencies in FSH, LH, or prolactin can prevent successful conception. Regular screening through blood tests helps identify hormonal deficiencies early, guiding appropriate treatment or interventions, improving chances of conception, and addressing underlying health issues.