Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver, causing inflammation and potentially leading to severe complications like cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer. While the infection can range from acute to chronic, early detection and vaccination are crucial for preventing long-term health issues.

Risk Factors:

• Unprotected Sex
• Sharing Needles
• Blood Transfusions
• Mother to Child
• Healthcare Workers
• Immigration from High-Risk Regions

Symptoms:

• Fatigue
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
• Abdominal pain, especially in the upper right side
• Dark urine
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Joint pain
• Pale stool (clay-colored)

Prevention and Early Detection:

• Vaccination: The hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective way to prevent HBV infection.
• Safe Sex Practices: Using condoms can reduce the risk of transmission during sexual contact.
• Avoid Sharing Needles: Do not share needles, razors, or other personal items that could be contaminated.
• Screening: Regular screening for high-risk individuals (e.g., healthcare workers, individuals with multiple sexual partners, etc.).
• Avoid Blood Contact: In healthcare settings, ensure proper protocols are followed to avoid blood-to-blood contact.

Diagnosis and Staging:

• Blood Tests: To detect the presence of the virus, measure liver function, and check for markers like HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen).
• Liver Biopsy: In some cases, a biopsy may be done to assess the level of liver damage or cirrhosis.
• Ultrasound or Imaging: Used to check for liver damage or signs of liver cancer. 

Why Regular Screening Matters?

Hepatitis B can often be asymptomatic, meaning people may not show symptoms until the liver is severely damaged. Regular screening for those at high risk is critical for early detection. With early diagnosis, treatment options can help manage the virus, reduce liver damage, and prevent complications such as cirrhosis or liver cancer.