Folic Acid Deficiency

Folic acid (vitamin B9) is a crucial vitamin that helps in the production of red blood cells, supports cell division, and plays a key role in the formation of DNA. A deficiency in folic acid can result in various health issues, most notably anemia, and can cause complications during pregnancy. It is particularly important for pregnant women to have adequate levels of folic acid to prevent birth defects in the baby.

 Risk Factors:

• Poor diet lacking in folate-rich foods (e.g., leafy greens, beans, and fortified grains)
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding (increased demand)
• Malabsorption disorders (e.g., celiac disease, Crohn’s disease)
• Chronic alcohol consumption
• Certain medications (e.g., anticonvulsants, methotrexate)
• Age (older adults may have lower folic acid absorption)
• Kidney dialysis
• Genetic mutations affecting folate metabolism

Symptoms:

• Fatigue or weakness
• Pale skin
• Shortness of breath
• Irritability
• Cognitive difficulties (e.g., memory loss)
• Glossitis (swollen, sore tongue)

• Diarrhea or digestive issues
• Mouth sores
• Rapid heartbeat
• Poor growth in children

Prevention and Early Detection:

• Include folate-rich foods in the diet (e.g., leafy greens, citrus fruits, beans, fortified cereals)
• Take folic acid supplements as recommended during pregnancy
• Regular blood tests to monitor folate levels, especially for at-risk individuals

Diagnosis and Staging:

• Serum Folate Test: Measures the amount of folate in the blood to diagnose deficiency
• Red Blood Cell Folate Test: More accurate test to assess long-term folate deficiency
• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Identifies anemia and can reveal larger-than-normal red blood cells, a sign of folic acid deficiency

Why Regular Screening Matters?

Folic acid deficiency can lead to serious health complications, particularly in pregnant women, where it can cause neural tube defects. Early diagnosis through blood tests helps ensure timely intervention and correction of deficiency, preventing long-term health problems.