Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects how your body processes glucose (sugar), leading to high blood sugar levels. There are two main types: Type 1, where the body doesn’t produce insulin, and Type 2,where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough. It can result in severe complications, including heart disease, kidney failure, and nerve damage if not managed properly. Early detection, lifestyle changes, and proper management are key to preventing complications and maintaining health.

Risk Factors:

• Family history of diabetes
• Age (increased risk after age 45)
• Obesity or being overweight
• Lack of physical activity
• High blood pressure
• Poor diet, high in processed foods and sugars
•  Gestational diabetes (having diabetes during pregnancy)

Symptoms:

• Increased thirst and frequent urination
• Extreme hunger or fatigue
• Slow healing of wounds or infections
• Unexplained weight loss (in Type 1 diabetes)
• Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet (in Type 2 diabetes)

Prevention and Early Detection:

• Healthy Diet: Diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes
• Physical Activity: Regular exercise increases insulin sensitivity, helping control blood sugar levels.
• Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight lowers the risk of Type 2 diabetes.
• Blood Sugar Monitoring: Regular testing of blood glucose levels is crucial for detecting early signs of diabetes before symptoms appear.
• Screening: Early screenings for individuals with risk factors (e.g., family history, obesity) can lead to early detection.

 Diagnosis and Staging:

• Fasting Blood Glucose Test: Measures blood sugar after fasting for at least 8 hours.
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Measures blood sugar before and after drinking a sugary solution.

• HbA1C Test: Provides an average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months.
• Urine Tests: Used to check for glucose or ketones in the urine, which may indicate diabetes or diabetic complications.

Why Regular Screening Matters?

Early detection of diabetes is essential to prevent complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, and nerve problems. Home blood glucose testing devices and A1C kits provide convenient tools for monitoring diabetes, allowing individuals to manage their condition more effectively. With proper monitoring, lifestyle changes, and, when necessary, medications, individuals with diabetes can lead healthy, active lives and avoid serious long-term health issues.