Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and occurs when abnormal cells in the breast begin to grow uncontrollably. These cancerous cells can form a lump or mass, which can spread to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early. Although it is more common in women, men can also develop breast cancer. With early detection and advancements in treatment, the survival rate for breast cancer has significantly improved.

 Risk Factors:

• Gender (women are at higher risk)
• Age (risk increases with age)
• Family history of breast cancer or inherited gene mutations
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Personal history of breast cancer or non-cancerous breast conditions
• Radiation exposure
• Lifestyle factors such as lack of physical activity, obesity, and alcohol consumption

 Symptoms:

• A lump or thickening in the breast or underarm
• Changes in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast
• Pain or tenderness in the breast or nipple
• Nipple discharge (other than breast milk)
• Skin changes on the breast, such as redness or dimpling

Prevention and Early Detection:

• Mammography: Routine mammograms are essential for early detection, typically recommended for women starting at age 40, or earlier for those at higher risk.
• Breast Self-Exams: Regular self-exams can help women become familiar with their breasts and detect any changes early.
• Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Eating a balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising regularly may reduce the risk of breast cancer.

·       Genetic Counselling and Testing: Those with a strong family history may benefit from genetic testingto evaluate their risk.

Diagnosis and Staging:

• Imaging Tests (Mammograms, Ultrasound, MRI): To detect and evaluate breast abnormalities.
• Biopsy: A tissue sample may be taken from a lump to check for cancer cells.
• CT and MRI Scans: Additional imaging to determine if cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
• Blood Tests: To assess overall health and detect cancer markers.

Why Regular Screening Matters?

Breast cancer is most treatable when diagnosed early. Regularscreening and awareness of risk factors can help detect the disease in itsearly stages, improving treatment options and survival rates. Early medical interventioncontinues to make a significant difference in outcomes, highlighting theimportance of ongoing monitoring and preventive measures.