Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorderwhere the immune system produces antibodies that mistakenly attack normalproteins in the body, increasing the risk of blood clots. APS can lead to complicationssuch as deep vein thrombosis, stroke, and pregnancy-related issues likemiscarriage or preterm birth.

Risk Factors:

• Autoimmune Disorders like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis
• Personal or Family History of Blood Clots or stroke
• Pregnancy Complications such as recurrent miscarriages, stillbirth, or preeclampsia
• Medications like oral contraceptives
• Infections
• Age and Gender: Women, particularly those of childbearing age, are at higher risk

Symptoms:

• Recurrent blood clots (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism)
• Strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
• Miscarriages or pregnancy complications
• Skin rashes (a lace-like rash)
• Chronic fatigue
• Shortness of breath due to clot formation in the lungs

Prevention and Early Detection:

• Blood Thinners: Medications like aspirin or heparin to prevent clotting
• Regular Check-ups: Monitoring for blood clot symptoms, especially in at-risk individuals
• Pregnancy Monitoring: Close monitoring of pregnancy in women with APS to manage risks
• Avoiding Smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of clotting

Diagnosis and Staging:

• Beta-2 Glycoprotein I (β2GP1) IgG/IgM Test: Detects antibodies to beta-2 glycoprotein I, a protein involved in blood clotting
• IgG/IgM Anticardiolipin Antibodies (aCL): Measures the presence of antibodies against cardiolipin, a phospholipid that plays a role in clot formation
• Anti-Phospholipid Antibody (APA) IgG/IgM Test: Identifies the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies that target phospholipids

Why Regular Screening Matters?

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) can remain undiagnosed until serious complications, such as clot formation or pregnancy issues, occur. Regular screening for antiphospholipid antibodies, especially in individuals with a personal or family history of blood clots, autoimmune diseases, or recurrent miscarriages, helps identify the condition early. Early detection and appropriate treatment (such as blood thinners) can reduce the risk of severe complications like stroke, deep vein thrombosis, or pregnancy loss.