Anemia

Anemia is a condition where the body doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to tissues. It can develop gradually or suddenly, depending on the underlying cause, and can lead to fatigue, weakness, and serious complications if left untreated. Early detection and treatment are key for managing anemia effectively.

 Risk Factors:

• Age: Children, elderly, and pregnant women
• Gender: Women, especially during menstruation and pregnancy
• Chronic Conditions: Conditions like kidney disease, cancer, and autoimmune diseases
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Low iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid intake
• Genetics: Inherited blood disorders like sickle cell anaemia or thalassemia

 Symptoms:

• Fatigue or weakness
• Pale or yellowish skin
• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
• Dizziness or light headedness
• Cold hands and feet
• Irregular heartbeats or chest pain (in severe cases)
• Headaches
• Difficulty in concentrating

Prevention and Early Detection:

• Balanced Diet: Ensure a diet rich in iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid (iron-rich foods, dairy, eggs, leafy greens, citrus fruits)
• Regular Check-ups: Routine blood tests to monitor haemoglobin and red blood cell count.
• Iron Supplements: If diagnosed with iron deficiency, iron supplements may be prescribed.
• Addressing Underlying Conditions: Proper management of chronic illnesses that may contribute to anemia.

Diagnosis and Staging:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Measures red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit to confirm anemia.
• Iron Studies: Blood tests to check iron, ferritin, and TIBC levels.
• Vitamin B12 and Folate Levels: To determine if a deficiency in these vitamins is causing anaemia.
• Bone Marrow Biopsy: In some cases, a biopsy may be needed to determine the type and cause of anaemia.

 Why Regular Screening Matters?

Anemia can often be undiagnosed until it causes significant health problems. Early detection through routine screenings helps identify anemia before it worsens, allowing for early treatment. Treating anemia promptly can prevent complications such as heart problems, organ damage, or a weakened immune system.